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OBJECTIVE OF PINOCHLE: Win tricks and collect the most points.
NUMBER OF PLAYERS: 2-4 Players (4 players play with partners)
- Every player starts with 12 cards. Dealers may give them out 1, 2 or 3 cards at a.
- A Pinochle deck is a special deck of cards with 48 cards in total. It consists of two copies of each of the 9, 10, J, Q, K and Ace of all four suits (so there are 2 nine of clubs, 2 nine of diamonds, 2 nine of hearts, two nine of spades, and so on for ever other denomination).
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NUMBER OF CARDS: 48 card deck
RANK OF CARDS: A (high), 10, K, Q, J, 9
TYPE OF GAME: Trick-Taking
AUDIENCE: Adult
INTRODUCTION TO PINOCHLE
Pinochle is a trick-taking and melding card game with components similar to Bridge, Euchre, Spades, and Hearts. Unexpectedly, it also has similarities to the popular kid’s game War. The game’s origin is from the French game Bezique. Non-French speakers adopted the name ‘Binocle’ for the game, which means eyeglasses in French. German immigrants who adopted the game mispronounced it as “pinochle” and brought that name with them to America where the game subsequently spread.
THE DECK
The Pinochle deck has 48 cards. In each of the four suits, the deck has two of each: A, K, Q, J, 10, and 9. These cards, however, do not follow the traditional ranking. Ace is high, followed by 10, and K, and are often referred to as counters. Meaning these cards are always worth points. There are several methods of scoring which will be outlined below in the scoring section, some of which include Q, J, 9 as both being worth points and as NOT being worth points. When these cards are valued at 0 points, they are referred to as noncounters. The mechanism of scoring must be mutually agreed upon before the deal and the play.
THE DEAL
A dealer may be chosen by whatever method players wish. They then will shuffle the cards thoroughly and distribute 12 cards to each player, 3 or 4 cards at a time. The deal starts to the left of the dealer and moves clockwise, ending with their own set of cards.
Once each player has their hand, they examine their cards and prepare for the auction or bidding phase.
*If playing without bidding, after the deal, the dealer flips over the top card of the deck and places it face-up on the table. The suit of this card is the trump suit and all cards of that suit beat cards of all other suits. High ranking trump cards beat other trump cards. The remainder of the deck is placed face-down on the table and is the stockpile.
THE AUCTION/THE BID
A bid is a prediction of the number of points your hand might earn. The player who bids the highest, or the winner of the bid, has the following perks:
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- declare trump suit
- receive cards from their partner
- lead the first trick
The minimum bid players must make is 250 points. Bids increase by factors of 10 and consist only of a number. The bid goes around the table until each player passes and a winner is declared. Starting to the left of the dealer, and moving clockwise, player’s have the following options during bidding:
- bidnormally, by bidding 10 points higher than the previous bid
- give a jump bid, and bid 20 points higher than the previous bid
- pass and leave the bidding
- OR pass with help, which means you pass but you are giving extra information to your partner.
After the winner emerges, they announce the trump suit.
Passing Cards
The winner of the bid and their partner have the right to exchange cards. The winner’s partner selects exactly four cards to pass to their partner. The declarer (winner of the bid) adds those four cards to hand and examines them. After, they send back four cards to their partner, which can include sending back some cards they just received.
MELDING
After the passing of cards, all four players can place their melds on the table. Melds are made of particular card combinations, each combination having its own point value. There are various types of melds which players can create including arounds, flushes, marriages, and pinochle.
“Arounds”
Aces around (100 Aces) – four Aces, different suits – 10 or 100 points
Kings around (80 Kings) – four Kings, different suits – 8 or 80 points
Queens around (60 Queens) – four Queens, different suits – 6 or 60 points
Jacks around (40 Jacks) – four Jacks, different suits – 4 or 40 points
Aces abound (1000 Aces) – eight Aces – 100 or 1000 points
Kings abound (800 Kings) – eight Kings – 80 or 800 points
Queens abound (600 Queens) – eight Queens – 60 or 600 points
Jacks abound (400 Jacks) – eight Jacks – 40 or 400 points
“Marriages & Flushes”
Marriages and Flushes are the sequence combinations.
Trump Marriage – K and Q of Trump suit – 4 or 40 points, 8 or 80 points if double
Marriage – K and Q of any suit – 2 or 20 points, 4 or 40 points if double
Marriages around – K and Q in each suit – 24 or 240 points
Flush (run) – A, 10, K, Q in trump suit – 15 or 150 points, 150 or 1500 if double
“Pinochle”
Pinochle – J of diamonds and Q of spades – 4 or 40 points
Double Pinochle – both J of diamonds and Q of spades – 30 or 300 points
Dix – 9 in trump suit – 1 or 10 points
Once each player sets their melds out they are scored and recorded on the scoring pad.
Since there are a maximum of 250 points available in the trick-taking phase of the game, if the declarer is 250+ points under their bid after melding they may throw in their cards and not participate in the trick-taking whatsoever.
If their bid is within 250 points after melding they may play their hand in the trick-taking.
Trick-Taking
After the melds have been scored players pick up their hands and prepare for the trick-taking portion of the game. The declarer leads the initial trick by playing any card they wish. A trick is won by playing either the highest ranking trump card or, if there are no trumps, the highest ranking card that follows the suit led with. During a trick, each player plays exactly one card. This continues until all 12 tricks have been played. Each trick after the first trick is led by the winner of the previous trick. Trick-taking follows the rules below:
- When you can follow suit you must. If you have a card in hand the matches the suit lead with you must play it. Play a higher ranking card than the lead if possible.
- If you are unable to follow suit, but a have a card in hand from the trump suit, you must play that card. This is called trumping the trick. If the suit led with was a trump play a higher ranking trump card if possible.
- In the event you can neither follow suit or play a trump, you may slough. This means playing any card at all.
Each team should designate a puller. This player will collect the cards from tricks won in a face-down pile in front of them for scoring later in the game.
SCORING
After all twelve tricks are played players score the cards collected. Aces, 10s, and Kings are worth 10 points each. Winning the final trick is also worth 10 points. This gives a total of 250 points players can collect during trick taking.
If the declarer matches or exceeds their bid, their total score (melds + tricks) is added to their running total. If they are unable to match their bid, the amount of the bid is subtracted from their running total.
When declarers ‘throw in’ their opponents score their melds. Tricks are not scored as no tricks are played. The declarer loses the amount they bid.
The game continues until a team scores 1500+ points. If both teams hit 1500 points in the same round the declarer’s team automatically wins.
REFERENCES:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bezique
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinochle
https://www.fgbradleys.com/rules/rules4/Pinochle%20-%20rules.pdf
https://www.pagat.com/marriage/pinmain.html
Pinochle Rules
Pinochle is a trick-taking and melding game popular in the United States. The game is derived from a variation of Bezaique and was brought to America by German immigrants. The name 'Pinochle' is a misspelling of the french word 'binochle' which means 'eyeglasses' or 'Two-eyes', referring to the meld 'Pinochle' which consists of a queen and a jack. Allegedly this refers to the fact that the game was originally played with a deck of cards where the queen of spades and jack of diamonds were depicted in profile, together showing two eyes. There are multiple variations of Pinochle in existence, each with differing rules and traditions, but the one on this site is a single-deck four handed partnership Pinochle. Pinochle is played with 4 players and a deck of 48 cards. The cards have two copies of each card rank and suit of ace (high), tens, king, queen, jack, and nines (low). note that unlike standard card games in Pinochle the tens are a high card, and will outrank the kings, queens, and jacks in trick taking. A single round in Pinochle consists of 6 phases.
- Dealing
- Bidding
- Exchanging
- Melding
- Trick-taking
- Scoring
Dealing
Pinochle is played in partnerships, with partners sitting opposite each other at the table. The first dealer is chosen at random, but then dealership passes clockwise around the table. At the start of each round every player is dealt 12 cards. The player to the left of the dealer has first bid (see below).
Bidding
Once every player has been dealt 12 cards the auction begins. Here players bid the minimum number of points they believe their team can get during that round. The minimum bid is 250 points, and starts with the player to the left of the dealer. A player can either bid 10 or 20 points over the current bid, or pass. Once a player either passses or raises the bid the player on his left bids. A player that has passed on a bid is skipped and the player on his left bids instead. The last player not to pass wins the bid with the amount he last bid. If all players pass without bidding then the dealer makes the default bid of 250 points, and automatically wins the contract.
The winner of the bid has now won the right to:
- Declare the trump of the round
- Exchange 4 cards with his partner
- Lead the first trick
Winning the auction
The player who won the auction must declare the trump for that round.
Next, the partner of the winning player must select and pass over exactly 4 cards from his hand to the winning player. The winner must then pass 4 cards back to his partner. There is no restriction on which cards are passed, but partners cannot communicate or consult with each other when selecting cards to pass. Passing cards is not optional, and each player must pass 4 cards. However the winning player can give back the cards his partner passed to him if he so chooses. The team that lost the auction cannot exchange any cards that round.
Melding
All players will form melds from their hand for points. There are three classes of melds. A single card can be part of multiple melds in different classes, but can only be a member of a single meld in a given class. For example a queen of hearts can be a member of a 'Hearts marriage' (Class 1 meld), and a member of 'Queens around' (Class 3 meld), but cannot also be a member of 'Run' (Class 1 meld) since it already appears in the hearts marriage. The points for the melds presented are tallied up and added to the score of that team for the round. The game will automatically form the highest scoring combination of melds from your hand and present those.
Valid Melds
The following are valid melds in Pinochle, and their respective point values:
Class 1 melds:- Run: Ten to Ace, all 5 cards in the current trump suit (H11 H12 H13 H10 H14). Worth 150 points.
- Run + King: A run with an extra king in the trump suit. (H11 H12 H13 H13 H10 H14). Worth 190 points.
- Run + Queen: A run with an extra queen in the trump suit. (H11 H12 H12 H13 H10 H14). Worth 190 points.
- Run + Marriage: A run with an extra royal marriage. (H11 H12 H12 H13 H13 H10 H14). Worth 230 points.
- Double run: Two runs in the trump suit. (H11 H11 H12 H12 H13 H13 H10 H10 H14 H14). Worth 1500 points.
- Dix: The nine of a trump. (H9). Worth 10 points.
- Royal marriage: King and queen of the trump suit. (H12 H13). Worth 40 points.
- Common marriage (or [suit] marriage): King and queen out of trump. (S12 S13). Worth 20 points.
- Pinochle: Jack of diamonds and queen of spades. (D11 S12). Worth 40 points.
- Double pinochle: Both jacks of diamonds and both queens of spades. (D11 D11 S12 S12). Worth 300 points.
Pinochle Deck Cards
- Aces around: One ace of each suit. (H14 S14 D14 C14). Worth 100 points.
- Aces abound: All 8 aces. (H14 H14 S14 S14 D14 D14 C14 C14). Worth 1000 points.
- Kings around: One king of each suit. (H13 S13 D13 C13). Worth 80 points.
- Kings abound: All 8 kings. (H13 H13 S13 S13 D13 D13 C13 C13). Worth 800 points.
- Queens around: One queen of each suit. (H12 S12 D12 C12). Worth 60 points.
- Queens abound: All 8 queens. (H12 H12 S12 S12 D12 D12 C12 C12). Worth 600 points.
- Jacks around: One jack of each suit. (H11 S11 D11 C11). Worth 40 points.
- Jacks abound: All 8 jacks. (H11 H11 S11 S11 D11 D11 C11 C11). Worth 400 points.
Trick taking
Once melding concludes trick taking starts. The player who won the auction leads the first trick, and then the winner of each trick leads the next one. The player leading the trick can play any card they wish, but other players must follow the restrictions below:
- You must play a card in the same suit as the lead card.
- If you cannot play a card in suit, you must play a trump.
- If you can neither follow suit or play a trump then you can play any card you wish
- You must take the trick if doing so does not violate the above rules.
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. You must play either the Ten of hearts or the ace of hearts as they are both in suit and can beat the queen of hearts. Note that you must take the trick if you can even if your partner is currently winning the trick. Mike has no hearts but has a queen of spades S12. He must trump if able and thus takes the trick with his queen.The round ends when all 12 tricks have been taken.
Scoring
At the end of the round the players tally up their scores. Every ten (10), king, and ace collected as part of tricks is worth 10 points, as well as the last trick of the round. Thus a team can get a maximum of 250 points in the trick taking phase by getting all 8 tens, all 8 kings, all 8 aces, and the last trick of the round.
If a team is unable to get any points during the trick taking phase then they get no points that round, regardless of how many points they earned during melding. If the non bidding team gets at least 10 points (any ten, ace, king, or the last trick) during trick taking then their meld points and trick points are addded to their total score from previous rounds.
If the bidding team earns enough points from their melds and trick taking to match or exceed their bid then all their points are added to the total score. If they fail to meet their bid then they have 'gone set' and earn no points that round. In addition their bid is subtracted from their total score.
Voluntarily going set
If, after melding, the bidding team's bid is more than 250 points higher than their combined score they have gone set. The player who won the bid can at this moment throw in the hand. Doing this will cause them to go set, have their bid subtracted from their total score, the opposing team gets their melds added to their score, and the next round begins. The bidding team however can also choose to play the hand in the hopes of getting all 250 points avalible and causing their opponents to get 0 points for the round, somewhat lessening the damage. Teams can not throw in the hand under other conditions, if their bid is 250 points higher than their score or less they must play the hand.
Example:Bill won the bid at 330 points. After melding it is revealed that you and Bill only managed to get a combined 60 points. Since you can only get 250 points from the trick taking phase your team can never meet the 330 point bid, falling just short at 310 even if you get all the tricks. Bill decides that you cannot get all possible 250 points and throws in the hand. Your team loses 330 points and Mike and Lisa get whatever their melds are worth added to their total. The next round then begins. If Bill had so preferred he could have led the first trick and the round would have continued as normal.
Winning the game
The game is won when either team has a total score of 1500 or greater at the end of a round. If both teams cross the finish line in the same round then the team who currently holds the bid wins regardless of the actual point values.
Example 1: You and Bill end the round with 1500 points, while Mike and Lisa only have 1200 points. You and Bill win the game.
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Example 2: You and Bill end the round with 1700 points, while Mike and Lisa have 1600 points. Mike is the bidding player this round. Mike and Lisa thus win the game.